Nitrogen is a fundamental element of plant nutrition. It has a complex role in the biosynthesis of amino acids and all protein substances, which make up different protoplasmic structures in which it is also an element of constitution. It is part of the prosthetic group of all the enzymes, has a bioactive role in the biosynthesis of the assimilating pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes) and in the growth processes. Because of its physiological role, any deficiencies in nitrogen, especially in critical periods (intensive growth, flower formation, fruit formation), is associated with disturbances, which result in a drastic decrease in plant production.  In the case of nitrogen deficiencies, photosynthesis is reduced, slowing the formation of protidic substances and stagnation of the growth of leaves, tissues and new sprouts. The leaves remain small and pale, pale green, and if the deficiency continues, they become yellowish and dry. Excess nitrogen leads to excessive growth of vegetative parts (stems, leaves), adversely affecting fructification. Fertilization with foliar fertilizers “Abiogenesis” optimizes the nitrogen nutrition process of plants and prevents all the negative phenomena mentioned.

Along with nitrogen, it is one of the fundamental elements of the plant cell and nutrition. Phosphorus is spread in the nucleus, so in the whole vegetative apparatus, but especially in the reproductive organs, in the young tissues and in the substances decisive for plant growth (phosphatides, fosfoprotide, enzymes). The role of phosphorus consists mainly in participating in the building of energy-related substances (ATP, ADP, NAD, NADPH) and to the molecular architecture of different nucleic acids, which eventually participates in the development of the genetic code. Phosphorus compounds are also, substances with a plastic role in the composition of the tissues. A series of esters of phosphoric acid possess the unique ability to “permanently store” the free energy that results in the metabolism process, which it then transmits, by enzymatically controlled reactions, to the secondary synthesis processes carried out with energy input. These phosphorus compounds make it possible to couple both catabolic and anabolic processes in metabolism. In the photosynthesis processes, a series of combinations of carbohydrates and phosphoric acid (phosphoglyceric acid, phosphoric esters of trioses, pentoses, hexoses) interfere with chlorophyllin functions and energy exchanges. When the phosphorus is in insufficient quantity, the plants stop growing, the leaves remain small, they twist, stains or striations appear, usually violet-reddish.  Root growth slows down, fertilization is weak, flowers abort and seeds are no longer formed. Different phosphorus compounds participate in numerous enzymatic processes that play a role in synthesis, transport, deposition and fructification. A good supply of phosphorus using the “Abiogenesis” fertilizer increases the drought resistance by reducing the amount of water required to form a dry mass unit. Phosphorus stimulates the growth of the root system, shortens the passage of certain stages of vegetation, and thereby accelerates the maturation and counterbalances the excess nitrogen.

In humans, phosphorus deficiency is manifested by:

• Decreased immunity. Anxiety. Irritability;
• Problems in the formation and mineralization of teeth and bones;
• Asthenia. Depression. Liver dysfunction.

It is present in all tissues and organs of plants. Larger amounts are found in young growth and supportive tissues. While nitrogen and phosphorus are involved in the formation of many organic molecules that participate in plant metabolism, potassium is predominantly found in the form of ions. The role of potassium is mainly in enzyme activation, protein synthesis, herbal water supply, transport of photosynthesis compounds from leaves to other organs and increase the resistance of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions (drought, frost, disease attacks and pests). Potassium is considered a cofactor for some enzymes that participate in energy transfer and substance synthesis. It is now known that more than 40 enzymes are activated by potassium ions. Accumulation of potassium ions in cells plays a role not only in the enzyme activity but also in the water supply, due to the effect it exerts on the colloidal part of the cell and the cell membrane, and finally on the osmotic potential of the cell. Plants well-supplied with potassium (K +) use less water to produce a dry mass unit. The photosynthesis process is influenced by the K + (potassium) supply state in that its insufficiency decreases the pace of the photophosphorylation cycle and thus of the ATP synthesis. A poor supply of potassium (K +) disrupts enzymatic activity, water reserve, photosynthesis processes, nitrogen metabolism and carbohydrates, and plants slow down their growth rate. “Abiogenesis” foliar fertilizer contains potassium in quantities to ensure fertilization with this element according to plant requirements and stimulates the dynamics of potassium on the basis of that already assimilated in the soil.

By transmission to humans, it is known that there are about 150 grams in the body, almost exclusively intracellular. Its most important role is in the transmission of nerve impulses.

• It is necessary in acid-base balance, transmission of nerve impulses and muscle function. Supports cardiac activity.
• It interferes with good functioning of adrenals and elimination of organic toxins, ensuring the balance of water in the body.

It is found in plants in the proportion of 0.15 – 8.50 mg of Fe per 100 g of fresh material, being the most distributed in green and active parts (leaves, buds, breeding organs). In the tissues it is found in small concentrations in the inorganic form and mostly in the form of organic hemicic combinations such as cytochrome oxidase, cytochromes a, b, c and other henmic substances that participate in the breathing process. The tendency of iron to enter chelatic combinations and its ability to move from bivalence to trivalence is an essential feature on which its physiological functions are based. Iron is assimilated by plants both in the form of two valence states and in the form of organic chelates, admitting that the plants themselves are the “hosts” of the formation of chelating substances that bind iron ions and carry them. Iron is an essential component in the synthesis of iron-containing enzymes in the form of hem2 (C34H32O4N4Fe) or nonheme as well as organic substances as carriers. It enters the prosthetic group of some enzymes and carriers, such as aldose, arginase, dipeptidase, catalase, a, b and c cytochromes, ferredoxin, ferric, peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH2. It is an activator of the enzymes: aldose, arginase, dipeptidase. With porphyrin, it gives chelate type compounds, with role in oxidoreduction processes that activate the auxin hormone. In the photosynthesis process, a necessary component is the presence of the protein, ferredoxin, which is a non hem and has a negative potential, participating in the phosphorylation process with a direct role in reducing CO2. The role of iron in plant metabolism is closely related to growth processes, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, the symbiotic fixation of molecular nitrogen, as well as other interactions. It is believed that iron occupies a growing “key position” by regulating light and stimulating cell division. Strong light causes an increase in iron concentration in the leaves. Iron is involved in the transfer of electrons into the mitochondrial chain, and in the process of plant breeding, due to catalase and peroxidase, it acts as an electron donor or acceptor. At low concentrations, absorbed Fe2 +  can be easily transported to any part of the plant, while at high concentrations it competes with other ions to occupy a place in the transport molecules. A series of ions present in the nutritional solution: Cu2 +, Mn2 +, Zn2 +, can cause iron-induced deficiencies such as Zn2 + inhibits the mechanism of reduction from Fe3 + to Fe2 + and in the absorption process there is a competition between ions Fe3 +, Mn2 + Zn2 +. Also, Ca2 + and Mg2 + inhibit Fe2 + uptake, and in turn, in high concentrations in the nutrient solution, inhibits the absorption of Cu2 +, Mn2 +. Iron deficiency causes plants, grapevine, fruit trees, besides the disturbance of the mentioned processes and the formation of the auxin plant hormone, having the effect of slowing down the development of the root structure and stopping the growth of the roots.

In humans, “iron” is a vital element. As a component of hemoglobin, it ensures the transport of oxygen to the blood.

• The enzyme called catalase takes part in protecting the body against free radicals (molecules that destroy cells in the body and attack vital functions);
• Iron plays a role in cell growth and regeneration, as well as in the functioning of the immune system;
• Helps in the process of growth, increases the resistance to illness;
• Prevents tiredness, heals anemia caused by iron deficiencies and ensures healthy skin color.

It is a component of many metalloproteins (eg plastocyanin). It plays an important role in the processes of oxido-reduction, respiration, in the synthesis of chlorophyll and in the processes of organogenesis. It is constituted as part of complex organic compounds with a special role in plant metabolism. Nearly 70% of the total copper content in the plant is located in complex chloroplast proteins, which demonstrates its need in photosynthesis. Plastocyanin underlies the cytochrome activity in the electron flow in the chloroplasts photosynthesis process.  Copper together with iron is the active basis of some cytochrome-like hemoproteins. The fact that cytochrome oxidase contains almost the same amount of copper and iron demonstrates the essential role in the oxido-reduction processes. Although the role of copper ion in protein biosynthesis processes is not fully clarified, it is believed to play a catalytic role in forming ammonia bonding with organic acids and in amino acid formation. The copper deficiency of plants is manifested by stagnation of growth, the leaves remain small and their color becomes dark green. It is assumed that stagnation in the growing of the plant may be due to both the lack of cytochrome oxidase and other copper-containing proteins.

In humans, “copper” is a vital microelement. By ensuring the functioning of many enzymes, it takes part in multiple biochemical processes.

• Helps hematopoiesis and is necessary to maintain the proper structure of tissue components (collagen);
• It’s anticancer, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory;
• Helps normal heart function;
• It has anticoagulant effect and helps to form hemoglobin and red blood cells.

Zinc has an active role in plant nutrition, contributing to photosynthesis. It is an essential element in increasing the amount of sugar, mushrooms growth, regulating the metabolism of the carbohydrate of plant proteins and influencing the assimilation of nitrogen by plants. Zinc is involved in the genesis of some enzymes (carbohydrase) that play an important role in the process of plant breeding, catalysing the reaction between CO2 and H2O. Research has shown that this element increases dipeptidase activity and reduces polypeptide activity. Zinc should be considered as a fundamental element of life because it can replace magnesium in the magnesium-protein complex, the enolase ferment, the hydration and dehydration between tartaric acid, racemic and 2-phosphoglyceric acid. Zinc therefore appears as an integral activator of this ferment. Zinc plays a special role in the formation of stimulating substances for plant growth. It is essential for the formation of auxins and for the normal production of tryptophan. Zinc deficiency may limit tryptophan formation by negative action on serine, a component of the tryptophan indole. Lack of zinc in the plant prevents plant growth, which is linked to a low content of auxin. Adding zinc to plants that show a braking of growth in length, this increase becomes normal, and auxin levels increases itself. In peas zinc plays a role in the development of the ovary and embryo. If the lack of this element occurs during blossoming, the ovaries fall. Heat resistance decreases in the absence of zinc, plant growth ceases, nanism is reached. The leaves remain small green-pale. Cells of the leaves notice changes. In vacuoles there appear spherical corpuscles consisting of phenols, sterols and lecithin, which are missing in the normal leaves. This is due to the fact that oxido-reduction processes do not normally occur. In fruit trees, for example, the lack of zinc result in small and chronotropic leaves, the distances between the nodules are shorter, the leaves of the twigs are arranged in rosettes.  That’s why sickness due to lack of zinc is also called small leaf disease. In case of a pronounced deficiency, whole branches are mortified. Zinc assimilation is based on soil reaction, texture and composition, maximum assimilation is between pH 5.5 – 7. The plant’s sensitivity to zinc is variable. Small-grain cereals are not sensitive, while potatoes, tomatoes, sugar beet, alfalfa and red clover are environmentally sensitive, and the most sensitive are corn, hops, flax and beans. Zinc deficiency leads to a number of plant diseases such as rosettes, leaf twists, chlorosis, which may result in braking of the grain formation, decreasing the intensity of the sugar process, increasing the content in organic acids, braking important enzymatic processes. Zinc deficiency is accompanied by an acceleration of phosphorus uptake processes in the plant and leads to an imbalance in its use in various metabolic reactions.  The best recovery of zinc deficiency is spraying with “Abiogenesis” foliar. Excess zinc is harmful, because it prevents a good assimilation of iron by the plant. Toxicity of zinc is mainly observed in acid soils and this toxicity is remedied by amending the soil with chalk, that insolubilizes part of the zinc present. The presence of zinc increases the resistance of plants to the increased concentration of soluble salts in the soil solution.

In humans, “zinc” is a vital microelement. It plays an important role in stabilizing cell membranes, providing the spatial structure of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA).

• It is indispensable in immune function, in hormone production and with insulin in carbohydrate metabolism;
• It is necessary for skin and healing internal and external injuries;
• Adjuvant in treating sterility and mental illness;
• Helps “clarifying” the mind. Prevents prostate affections.

It is part of the chlorophyll, representing almost 10-15% of the total concentration of this element. It is also found in fitin and pectic substances as a free ion. The highest amount is in growing young tissues, in the reproductive organs, where phosphorus is also present, which indicates a role in nutrition and transport.  Magnesium has an important role in processes of reduction, in the synthesis, transport and decomposition of carbohydrates, activates the phosphorylation process (which is important in energy processes in metabolic transformations). Magnesium activates phosphatase, enolase (in the glycosylation process), aminopeptidase, lecithinase, phosphorylase (which plays a role in the regeneration of ribulose diphosphate in the Calvin cycle), phosphokinase (transferring the phosphate group with low exchange energy), phosphotransferase, ribulose diphosphate-carboxylase (RuDP – carboxylase). Magnesium Mg2 + has an important role in nitrogen metabolism. Increased supply of this element leads to an increase in protein content in roots, buds and young branches, magnesium being a stabilizer of the ribosome structure, protein synthesis centers. It is believed that magnesium ion is also an activator of the chain of amino acid transition in peptides and polypeptides. Magnesium is one of the cations that can be assimilated by the plants together with the anionic acids of malic and citric acids that facilitate its diffusibility. Magnesium deficiency leads to a decrease in protein nitrogen content and an increase in non-protein nitrogen in plants, with the inhibition of protein synthesis as a result of the decomposition of ribosomes into subunits that make them. A low magnesium concentration affects the hydric and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in deficiencies in the structure of chloroplasts. Often, deficiency in magnesium affects the reproductive phase. In the early stages of vegetation, the symptoms of magnesium deficiency are similar to those of lack of potassium, resulting in the appearance of gray-green spots on the top of the leaf, which then lie on the edges and between the ribs. Gradually, the color changes to yellow, then brown. In the event of accentuated deficiency, the tissues become necrotic like potassium deficiency. “Abiogenesis” is the category of foliar fertilizers that contains magnesium in sufficient quantity that can significantly influence the nutrition of plants, vineyards and fruit trees and if necessary we can increase the quantity upon request.

In humans, “magnesium” is a mineral substance. It is indispensable for the proper functioning of several hundred enzymes. It is necessary for all processes requiring energy at multiple stages of protein metabolism, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

• It is necessary to produce insulin;
• It plays an important role in the formation of bones and teeth;
• Adjusts the calcite balance and body temperature;
• Slows  down the aging process and prevents heart attacks;
• Helps the functioning of the heart and brain muscles.

It is found in plant tissues in very small quantities, and by its practical implications it is considered one of the microelements important for plant growth. Absorption in plants occurs in the form of hydrates ions: B(OH)4 and H2BO3. At first there is a diffusion in the apparent free space (passive absorption), followed by active absorption, which depends on internal factors (for biosynthesis processes, osmotic pressure, electrical potential of the membrane) and external factors (temperature, hydrostatic pressure gradient). The absorption of the boron is very rapid, and if it is in excess it accumulates in the terminal buds and in the growing young parts. Higher boron content is found in poppy, sugar beet, cabbage, plum, alfalfa, etc. Boron deficiency occurs mainly in plants on neutral to alkaline soils, being accentuated by drought conditions and affecting the growth of meristematic tissues and growing tissues, leading to the death of peaks (buds), growth of roots, ending floral bud development, and ultimately tissue necrosis. Necrosis at the tip of growth is caused by the accumulation of auxin and phenols, whose metabolism is disrupted. In the case of boron deficiency, first spots appear on the leaves petiole. At this stage the leaves are dark green or light green, and when there is a persistent deficiency the chlorosis appears. Boron deficiency inhibits the synthesis of lipids, the main components of cell membranes, at which point the leaves deform, twist and blacken. Symptoms of boron deficiency resemble those of calcium deficiency, an element with which boron interacts in the process of absorption and metabolic use by plants. Boron deficiency also induce a strong decrease in phosphorus absorption.

In humans “boron” is little studied, but it is known that in small quantities it is very necessary:

• In the formation and growth of muscle mass, bone health;
• For the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, manganese;
• Ensures brain function, strengthens attention, and plays an important role in how the body uses energy from fat and sugar;
• Boron deficiency accentuates vitamin D deficiency;
• Helps prevent osteoporosis, muscle building, diminishes the size of the prostate tumor.

The manganese uptake by the plant depends on the pH of the soil, starting from acid to alkaline, except for assimilation by foliar treatment. The accumulation of manganese in the plant differs depending on the organ and its age, has important physiological effects and activates the enzymatic processes related to breathing, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. It contributes to a more economical consumption of nutrients, to the formation and movement of sugars, is indispensable in the activity of oxidases, reduces nitrates, improves absorption and circulation of copper, magnesium, iron, increases the intensity of breathing, photosynthesis, strengthens the mechanical tissues of the stems, increases the activity of fermentative processes. There is a mutual relationship between iron and manganese in the redox systems of respiratory and photosynthetic metabolism, and the carbon dioxide assimilation is improved by manganese. Manganese deficiency is the cause of a range of plant diseases, including chlorosis. In small-grain cereals and corn the lack of manganese is manifested by the appearance of white streaks along the ribs, which later get a brownish color. Manganese deficiency in red beets and peppers prevents the formation of vigorous roots because they are attacked by microorganisms. Potatoes, beans, leeks, peas and spinach are also very sensitive to manganese deficiency. At manganese deficiency chlorosis, the phenomenon first appears on the young leaves, then passes to the old leaves, tip of the stalk and often to the side below the top.

In humans “manganese” takes part in the basic processes of metabolism. It plays an important role in coagulation and bone formation. Vitamin K is indispensable in coagulation processes and bone formation is “functional” only with manganese.

• It has a role in releasing energy from food and defending against free radicals;
• It is necessary for good digestion and assimilation of food;
• It favors liver and kidney functions;
• Helps fix calcium, iron and vitamins.

Molybdenum is the most recent occurrence among microelements that are important in agriculture. Molybdenum occupies a special place among the chemical elements, accepted to be essential for the normal metabolism of plants, and is required in very small quantities. It is essential for the existence of nitrogen fixation bacteria, its lack is especially observed in leguminous plants, where the plants have a small development and a yellow color.  Interactions between molybdenum and other microelements at the soil level influence the assimilability of molybdenum by plants. Molybdenum was found in the green parts of all agricultural crops. The richest in molybdenum are cruciferous (all kinds of cabbage) and vegetables. The distribution of molybdenum in organs is different; seeds, especially those of vegetables, are more sourced, in leaves where the young ones contain more molybdenum than the mature ones and they are richer than the stem. In the chloroplasts of pea plants can be found about a third part of the molybdenum absorbed by the plant. The distribution of molybdenum in the cellular structures of the plant depends on several factors, including the presence of optimal iron doses. The lack of iron in the nutrient medium has led to the increase of the molybdenum content in the nucleus in the detriment of the content of this element in chloroplasts. Plants take molybdenum as molybdate. Phosphate ions work favorably on the uptake of molybdate ions. Unlike other elements, molybdenum can be assimilated by the plants without danger. Of particular importance for the accumulation of molybdenum in the plant is nitrogen nutrition. In vegetables, molybdenum has the penetration rate depending on the dose and the form of nitrogen used. Application of fertilizer with phosphorus contributes to the increase of soil molybdenum mobility and to its accumulation in plants as a result of the substitution of the molybdenum ion with the phosphoric acid ions. Excess molybdenum is rarely observed. Plants appear to tolerate relatively high concentrations of this element. The phenomenon of toxicity is manifested by yellowing of the leaves and stopping growth. A particular role has molybdenum as metallic behavior in different enzymes, aldehyde oxidases, hydrogenases and especially nitrate reductases. Aldehyde oxidase is present in potatoes and can also reduce nitrates, but is not identical with nitrate reductase. Hydrogenase dissolves hydrogen from water into H + ions and electrons. Molybdenum was found to be necessary for the molecular bond of nitrogen. Nitroreductase is the molybdenum enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen in nitrite. Molybdenum is indispensable for the reduction of nitrates in the plant body, so lack of molybdenum leads to an increase in nitrate in plants. Molybdenum favors the action of nitrate reductase. The activity of this enzyme increases with the increase of the microelement dosage, being more pronounced in the phases preceding the flowering of the plants.  Molybdenum in the form of a flavoprotein-linked chelate participates in the transport of electrons and hydrogen in redox reactions occurring in nodosities. These reactions are related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants and at the same time to the molecular nitrogen fixation process. Molybdenum doubles the action of nitrogen-bound azotobacter nitrogen that cannot develop on the other hand than in a molybdenum nutrient medium. It is noted that without molybdenum vegetables form nodosities, but bacteria do not perform their function. Chlorophyll content of molybdenum-deficient plants is low, and as a result, photosynthesis is reduced, while breathing is increased, indicating that molybdenum acts on the various processes in the plant. It has been found in these processes that there is a Copper-Molybdenum antagonism. Molybdenum stops the oxidase and the acid phosphatase while favoring their activity. Molybdenum acts on the synthesis of amino acids and on the use of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in plants. Symptoms of lack of molybdenum in plants have been described and studied many years before their causal factor is known. In cabbage, citrus and other 21 plants were noted and found to be generally manifested in leaves through necrotic spots, peaks and rotten edges. In alfalfa and other vegetables, the leaves become pale and the growth is delayed. Older foliage dries and falls before time (purvis). Young leaves of cauliflower are primarily attacked, as well as other members of the Brassica family. Molybdenum deficiencies have been identified in almost 40 crops, especially in vegetables and citrus. Molybdenum deficiency in plum seedlings prevents the growth of leaves, which remain small, and on some appear small brown spots that necrose. Lack of molybdenum gives rise to chlorosis-specific leaf necrosis. Experiences have been made with red tomatoes in non-molybdenum nutrients; the plants showed symptoms of illness, specific stains, which were removed with very small amounts of molybdenum (0.1 g / liter). Deficiency in molybdenum is manifested by: fall of old leaves, interruption of knot activity, delayed growth, fall of flowers.

In humans in very small size, it is a very necessary microelement.

• Directly or indirectly participates in amino acid metabolism, toxin removal and nucleotide breakdown (nucleic acid precursors) to form uric acid (a very powerful antioxidant);
• Recent research shows that this mineral can also influence the elimination of compounds that cause genetic mutations.

Like other heavy metals, cobalt tends to form chelates. In small concentrations cobalt acts positively on plants. Cobalt activates enolase and ribonuclease. The researchers mention a cobalt action on growth, fructification, increasing the intensity of photosynthesis (in potato, buckwheat). It is an essential element for nitrogen-binding bacteria, also a vitamin B12 component.

In humans it is very necessary and works together with B12 in the form of cobalamin.

• Together with Iron, it is an anti-anemic factor;
• It has vasodilatory properties;
• In very small doses, together with Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) takes part in the formation of red blood cells;
• It activates some enzymes, it contributes to the self-defense of the body, to maintaining the integrity of the nervous system, as well as to the growth processes;
• It is indicated in affections such as palpitations, anxiety, pernicious anemia, hypertension, angina, coronary artery, spasms and vascular blockages (especially those of lower limbs), sciatica, neuritis, digestive spasms, etc;
• Sometimes it is used as a substitute for Zinc (Zn).

It has both a plastic role, entering into the components of the essential structures (proteins) and a vital role in metabolic functions. The role in metabolism and plant growth derives from its presence in a large number of amino acids (cystine, cysteine, methionine), proteins (collagen, keratin), peptides (glutathione), vitamins (biotin, thiamine), enzymes, hormones, polysaccharides, lipoic acids, sulphate ion salts, sodium sulfates, potassium, magnesium, glycoside sulfates, heterosides (allyl sulfide, disulfide or trisulfide). Its physiological role is closely related to that of nitrogen. The high reactivity of the sulfhydryl (- SH) group is of great importance in the formation of long chain amino acid linkages. Many enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism are sensitive to agents that destroy the sulfhydryl group, resulting in its induced action on carbohydrate metabolism. The Sulfur is absorbed by the plants in the form of Sulfuric Sulphate SO42 – and in small quantities it can be assimilated also from SO2 and some organic compounds, such as cysteine or methionine. Suboxide forms have a toxic effect, although they are closer to the structure of the forms under which the sulfur binds to the plant in organic compounds. The SO42 ion can accumulate freely in the plant in a greater proportion than the nitric ion, without causing toxicity, thus participating in anion / cation balance, largely NO3.

In the plant, SO42- is reduced and is found in the -SH and -S-S groups characteristic of compounds that are actively involved in oxidation processes, the -SH groups acting both as hydrogen donors and acceptors. The -SH groups can also be regarded as protein groups that constitute metal cation binding sites that may affect the secondary structure of the polypeptide chain. After assimilation, SO42- is reduced in sulphite and converted to sulfur amino acids (cysteine, methionine). After the reduction process in the plant, the sulfur is covalently bonded to the carbon atom, since the free electron pair of the sulfur atom allows the formation of chelates, as well as the esters with different organic groups found in the plant. Sometimes they form energy-rich bonds such as, for example, with an alkyl (S-CoA), the -SH group being a reactive group of CoA, like other enzymes. Sulfur can be absorbed by plants as SO2 from the atmosphere. Sulfur deficiency presents symptoms similar to nitrogen deficiency: the stems and leaves remain small, discolored, become chlorotic, sometimes the edges of the leaves get a red color that can extend to the inside of the leaf. Excessive nitrogen can accentuate sulfur deficiency. The lack of this element prevents the formation of free amino acids, sensitizing the plant to the disease attack. Sulfur deficiency influences the photosynthesis process, as most of it in the leaf is found in chloroplasts. Sulfur deficiency prevents carbohydrate formation. As a result the leaves remain small, they turn yellow and the plant as a whole is reduced in size. Sulfur deficiency also affects the accessibility of molybdenum, an essential element in nitrogen fixation, lipid synthesis of oleaginous plants and all thiol derivatives, sulfur glycosides or sulfated heterocyclic nuclei. Sometimes, in the spring, a passing sulfur deficiency is observed in the form of a chlorosis, which then, when the weather warms, suddenly disappears. Sulfur deficiency leads to a slowing of growth in stem thickness, abnormal growth of fibrous tissues, pectic substances, and decreased glucose and fructose content.  In the case of sulfur deficiencies, there is a decrease in the content of amino acids in cereal grains and other plants as a result of the interdependence between these and nitrogen. The addition of sulfur in the fertilizer “Abiogenesis” leads to increased efficacy on the nutrition and quality of the crop, especially as more sulfur can be added to the production on demand.

Ni is a catalyst. Ni is usually ionically absorbed if chelated by its organic carriers. Ni stimulates plant growth. It plays a role in regulating the mineral metabolism of enzymatic activity and other processes. It produces mitotic disorders at the top of the roots of some plants. Nickel salts are the best systemic fungicides. It is used as a fungicide mainly for grain rust control, for both its protective and eradicating properties. At non-toxic levels, nickel increases crop yields. Large nickel concentrations cause severe chlorosis and necrosis, as well as a series of abnormalities and anatomical changes. Nickel is not absolutely necessary, but it is indispensable for the growth and normal growth of some plants.

In humans, although in infinitely small quantities, Ni plays key roles:

• In very small amounts it can be associated with liver disease, increased uremia;
• It interferes with the process of regulating blood glucose (by stimulating liver functions and pancreas by absorbing cellular glucose);
• Together with other metals (Zn, Co), it is prescribed to reduce blood glucose in prediabetic stages;
• It interferes with the metabolism of lipids and promotes starch digestion, activating certain enzymes found in the saliva and the pancreas;
• It has been proven that in association with Co and Ni it is effective in preventing bloating, in digestion;
• Reduces blood pressure, combat nervousness, facilitates Fe absorption;
• It stabilizes the structure of the DNA chain and maintains the structure of tissues;
• Ni intoxication can have serious consequences.